Toddlers are typically aged 1 to 3 years. What are their normal vitals?

• A. Age: 1-3 y/o; HR 95-150; RR 24-40; Min BP >70 systolic
• B. Age: 3-5 y/o; HR 80-140; RR 22-34; Min BP >75 systolic
• C. Age: 6-12 y/o; HR 70-120; RR 18-30; Min BP >80 systolic
• D. Age: <1 y/o; HR 100-160; RR 30-60; Min BP >65 systolic

Answer: (A)

Vital signs in children change with age, so knowing the typical range for a specific age helps distinguish normal from concerning findings. For toddlers aged 1 to 3 years, the expected heart rate is about 95–150 beats per minute and the respiratory rate about 24–40 breaths per minute. Blood pressure is lower than in older kids and adults, with the minimum systolic pressure usually around 70 mmHg or higher, often summarized by the rule minimum SBP = 70 + 2 × age in years (placing a 1–3 year old in the mid-70s range). This combination reflects their high metabolic needs and developing cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Infants under 1 year have higher rates (HR roughly 100–160, RR 30–60) and a slightly lower BP threshold (minimum around 65). Preschoolers (roughly 3–5 years) begin to show lower HR and RR (about 80–140 and 22–34, respectively) and a higher minimum SBP (around >75). School-age children (6–12 years) tend toward even lower ranges (HR ~70–120, RR ~18–30, SBP >80).